The Jameson Raid, December 1895

The Jameson Raid, December 1895 The Jameson Raid was an ineffective attempt to overthrow President Paul Kruger of the Transvaal Republic in December 1895. There are several reasons why the Jameson Raid took place. Tens of thousand of uitlanders had settled in the Transvaal following the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886. The influx threatened the political independence of the recently formed republic (negotiated at the 1884 London Convention, three years after the 1st Anglo-Boer War). Transvaal relied on revenue generated by the gold mines, but the government refused to grant the uitlanders the franchise, and kept upping the period required to qualify for citizenship.The Transvaal government was considered to be excessively conservative over economic and industrial policy, and the various non-Afrikaner mining magnates in the region desired a greater political voice.There was a significant level of distrust between the Cape Colony government and that of the Transvaal republic over Krugers attempt to claim control of Bechuanaland in contravention of the 1884 London Convention. The region was subsequently declared a British protectorate. Leander Starr Jameson, who lead the raid, had first arrived in Southern Africa in 1878, lured by the discovery of diamonds near Kimberley. Jameson was a qualified medical doctor, known to his friends (including Cecil Rhodes, one of the founders of the De Beers Mining Company who became premier of Cape Colony in 1890) as Dr Jim. In 1889 Cecil Rhodes formed the British South Africa (BSA) Company, which was given a Royal Charter, and with Jameson acting as emissary, sent a Pioneer Column across the Limpopo River into Mashonaland (what is now the northern part of Zimbabwe) and then into Matabeleland (now south-west Zimbabwe and parts of Botswana). Jameson was given the post of administrator for both regions. In 1895 Jameson was commissioned by Rhodes (now prime minister of Cape Colony) to lead a small mounted force (around 600 men) into the Transvaal to support an expected uitlander uprising in Johannesburg. They departed from Pitsani, on the Bechuanaland (now Botswana) border on 29 December. 400 Men came from the Matabeleland Mounted Police, the rest were volunteers. They had six Maxim guns and three light artillery pieces. The uitlander uprising failed to materialize. Jamesons force made first contact with a small contingent of Transvaal soldiers on 1 January, who had blocked the road to Johannesburg. Withdrawing during the night, Jamesons men tried to outflank the Boers, but were finally forced to surrender on 2 January 1896 at Doornkop, approximately 20km west of Johannesburg. Jameson and various uitlander leaders were handed over to British authorities in the Cape and sent back to the UK for trial in London. Initially they were convicted of treason and sentenced to death for their part in the plan, but the sentences were commuted to heavy fines and token prison stays - Jameson served only four months of a 15 month sentence. The British South Africa Company was required to pay nearly  £1 million in compensation to the Transvaal government. President Kruger gained much international sympathy (the Transvaals David verses the Goliath of the British empire), and bolstered his political standing at home (he won the 1896 presidential election against a strong rival Piet Joubert) because of the raid. Cecil Rhodes was forced to retire as prime minister of the Cape Colony, and never truly regained his prominence, although he negotiated a peace with various Matabele indunas in his fiefdom of Rhodesia. Leander Starr Jameson returned to South Africa in 1900, and after the death of Cecil Rhodes in 1902 took over leadership of the Progressive Party. He was elected prime minister of the Cape Colony in 1904 and lead the Unionist Party after the Union of South Africa in 1910. Jameson retired from politics in 1914 and died in 1917.

The eNotes Blog Education for All How Coursera is Quietly Changing the Face ofAcademia

Education for All How Coursera is Quietly Changing the Face ofAcademia How would you like to listen to lectures and participate in assignments and discussions led by professors from Stanford, Princeton, the University of Michigan, and the University of Pennsylvania, without the crushing costs of top university fees? A new start-up named Coursera is offering just that. Completely free to anyone who signs up, Coursera boasts hundreds of courses in over three dozen categories of study, everything from computer science to literature. The impetus for the start-up company was formed when Professor Andrew Ng of Stanford University offered his machine-learning class to the entire world for free and over 100,000 people signed up. What sets Coursera offerings apart from other lectures that have been made available to the general public is the fact that you can actually participate and gauge your success just like students who are indeed enrolled in these top tier institutions. Coursera participants are assigned homework and are given assessments, Ng explains. Discussions are monitored by teaching assistants, other students and the professors. Quizzes are scored online. Thousands have succeeded in passing   the classes offered. While you do not accrue credit for these classes, you do have the satisfaction of studying with the best of the best. Coursera was formed after Ngs first online machinery class. He then teemed up with fellow Stanford professor Daphne Koller to bring the now-hundreds of courses to the general public. So far, two venture capitalists have invested $15 million dollars in the company. So what will you choose? Modern and Contemporary American Poetry from the University of Pennsylvania with Professor Al Filreis? How about A History of the World Since 1300 from Princeton with Professor Jeremy Aldeman? Or maybe Game Theory from Stanford with Professor Matthew O. Jackson and Professor Yoav Shoham strikes your fancy? See the entire list of course offerings here. You can listen to the NPR report about Coursera here.   See you in class!

Islam Way of Life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Islam Way of Life - Research Paper Example Today, more than 1.75 billion people are following this religion of Islam that makes them more than twenty-four percent population of the world. Analysis (Haddad, pp. 23-25) has indicated that like other revealed religions, such as Christianity, Judaism, etc, Islam also has similar principles of ethics, equality, patience, impartiality, etc; however, Islamic way of life has been confronting a number of issues due to opposite practice of few Muslims around the globe. In other words, terrorism is one of the major issues that have resulted in wrong image of Islam in Western countries due to the concept of Jihad in Islam that actually calls Muslims to fight in the name of Allah (God); however, few uneducated Muslims took this in actual phrases and began to breed terrorism in the name of Islam. On the other hand, a huge number of Muslims in various parts of the globe are practicing their lives on the fundamental principles of Islam and consider Jihad as a fight with one’s own self for improvement rather than someone else. It has been an observation that everything passes through a face of alteration during its existence that is the true law of nature. In this regard, religions undergo the same process of continuous change. Christianity confronted such phases, and that has been same for Islam as well. According to sacred scriptures (Haddad, pp. 29-34), Islam encourages an astonishing form of unity and pluralism, and that has been one of the reasons of higher level of cultural diversity of Muslim population in different parts of the globe. In this regard, this paper is an endeavor to discuss different ways of Islamic life that will enable the readers in better understanding of this monotheistic and religion with second largest global population. Scrutiny has indicated that sixteenth century began the existence of Islam in the United States with the arrival of

How is technology shaping the future of tertiary institutions and what Thesis Proposal

How is technology shaping the future of tertiary institutions and what must the do to survive - Thesis Proposal Example Technology is the skeleton, muscles and blood of higher education for the students in meeting the standards of excellence in scholastic merits, viable and sustainable productive skills for future, and adaptability to changing trends in real world. In order to keep pace with the changes around the globe, it is indispensable for the institutions to connect the teaching to technology so that the beliefs about future can be transformed to realities in their practical outcome. This paper is aimed at making an exploration of the various management challenges for rendering a tertiary education strategy in connection with the increasing demand for technology in the application level learning. The project will investigate, experiment and evaluate the information, factual data and chronological details related to the advancement of technology as a relationship with its viability and scope in the field of tertiary education by pursuing the following question - The paper will be an evaluation of the current system of education at higher levels with apt suggestions for improvement by highlighting the relevance of technology at learning process so as to enable the students find their place in the competitive world. It does not take strain to understand the inevitable role of technology in the present day world in connecting lives as a vicious cycle comprising various dynamic activities for growth and sustainability. Although the focus of technological advancement is mainly on the business sector, the fact that educational institutions are the suppliers of creative human resources is indisputable. This proposal will focus on underlining the importance of a discussion of management challenges before universities and institutions in framing a balanced course inclusive of technology at its core. Experimental approach to management challenge is important in tertiary institutions for various reasons. Most basically, it is

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

Personal Statement Example From the childhood dream, I set to work hard in my academics in order to become a lawyer. Currently, I am a practicing lawyer with a license from the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The license is a testimony of my hard work and dedication to the practice. I excelled in my high school education and proceeded to pursue a degree course in law at the University of King Abdul-Aziz. Soon after, I began working in a law firm as a volunteer. The experience was as exciting as it was expository. It enhanced my interest in the practice while providing me with the much-desired experience. After graduating from University, I pursued official training from a recognized law firm, as is a requirement of seeking a license. I applied for the license and passed the interview owing to the vast experience I had acquired for the nine years I practiced at the firm. My story is one of immense determination and interest in a practice I love. The two are my greatest strengths. I love law and will always undertake any activity that would enhance my qualifications in the practice. After studying the Saudi Arabian market, for example, I registered for English courses in Dublin University. I seek to tap the growing number of international companies operating back home most of which use English. I am, for this reason, looking forward to graduating with a master’s degree, a qualification that will improve my effectiveness in the practice. I am acquainted with the outstanding reputation of your college. I have interacted with numerous of your alumni, and the reputation of the institution does indeed precede it. Such exciting engagements served to grow my interest in joining the institution. I am an ethical individual. I understand both my strengths and weaknesses. As such, I am applying to the college with the view to enhancing my professional skills in the practice. The large and well-stocked library at the institution coupled with equally reputable lecturers is some

Immigration Paper Essay Example for Free

Immigration Paper Essay From the 1840s to the 1880s and again from the 1890s to the 1920s, immigrants poured into the United States for many different reasons. Immigrants were faced with challenges such as saving and spending money, blending with others and the Potato Famine in Ireland. Immigrants were treated differently on their appearances, the way they speak and customs they had. The potato famine in Ireland drove the Irish from their homeland to America. Some immigrants, English was a primary language, for others learning a new language would be difficult. Immigrants moved to America came to become successful people. In the mid 1800s, people wanted to find the best deals that they could, without spending all of their money. Document 1, the advertisement for cheap land illustrates one of the reasons why immigrants came to the United States. The land advertisement sold for as little as $8 and up to $12 an acre. Many immigrants were farmers and felt they could eventually become wealthy farming in Illinois. All immigrants struggled with surviving in the United States because of many different things. Immigrants faced challenges such as blending in with others. Document 2 demonstrates how the American Federation of Labor (AFL) wanted a restriction on immigrants entering the country. They wanted to make immigrants take an illiteracy test to determine whether they have education and what skills they have. To become a citizen, there were many different obstacles. Although many immigrants came to America by choice, some were without a choice. The Potato Famine in Ireland forced many to immigrate to America. The Potato Famine was a disease that made potato plants to rot in the ground, destroying many crops. Since they lost their main food source, they spent thousands of euros on grain from America to plant, to live off of. After unemployment, loss of money and less food to survive on, many of the Irish immigrated to the United States for money and a new way of life. Between the 1840s up until the 1920s, immigrants were becoming a big percentage of the population. Immigrants had to save money for rent, food and the lives of their families. Blending in with Americans was hard with a different language, culture, customs and way of life. The Irish were driven out of their country because of a disease in their main food source. Immigrants came to America to start a new life for their family, for new economic opportunities and better conditions.

Prosperos Choice in The Tempest :: Tempest essays

Prospero's Choice in The Tempest In The Tempest, Prospero achieves his ultimate goals of exiting the island and regaining his kingdom without unnecessary killing, torture or deception. Both this choice, and his decision in the end to rescind his magic, allow him to morally reconcile with himself. Prospero's choice to refrain from murder sets his objectives above mere revenge. By using ingenuity and the spirit Ariel's help, he achieves the semblance of death without the reality thereof. He could have simply made the tempest so furious that it destroyed the ship, or subjected the offenders to lingering torture, but instead spends more time to separate the "survivors" into three groups to deal with them more effectively. Thus he avoids guilt and criticism for unnecessary death. The island magician also abstains from using his arts to force the evil men of the group into excruciating pain with possible death. We know he is capable of this - he has punished Caliban in such a way. However, no only does he refrain from torturing them, but also makes sure they are not uncomfortable! Alonso's group includes the pervasively cheerful Gonzalo, and is never kept away from food or water. Caliban knows the island, and helps Stephan and Trinculo survive. Ferdinand even fins the love of his life. Even though Prospero deceives the shipwrecked captives, it is never for his own personal enjoyment. Instead, he specifically aims to achieve his goals by putting pressure on Alonso and restricting Caliban's scheming. As if this were not enough, he further surrenders his powers and even begs the readers' help to assure his safety! It becomes obvious that Prospero has no desire to rule or lust for power to corrupt him, but only wishes a return to his previous status. Because he avoids death, torture and unnecessary deception, there is nothing to stain Prospero's long trek to return to civilization. He has given Ferdinand love, Alonso his son and recognition of his deeds, and Caliban a lesson in obedience. Thus, the long-suffering magician is able to reconcile morally with himself. PEER FEEDBACK Very precise and well-organized, although it doesn't address every aspect of the question.