Friday, May 31, 2019

As I Lay Dying : Anse Bundren :: As I Lay Dying

As I Lay Dying Anse Bundren Anse Bundren is one of the most exceptional characters in As I Lay Dying. He was the husband of Addie Bunden. In the Story, he portrayed himself as being a very selfish individual.During his journey to the sepulcher site of his wife, he always was worrying about his well being before the familys well being. The only reason that he decided to turn out out Addies wish was that he wanted to improve his image by getting false teeth. He did care for his wife, but this caring was overshadowed by his love to improve himself. In this story, it became evident to all of the readers that Anse was a very lackadaisical character. This was shown through a passage were he said, If I work. I will sweat and if I sweat, then I will die. This passage is precise showing of his lazy attitude towards life. In another passage Addie said, bring forth up, and move then. Even after that statement, he sill didnt feel the need to do anything to help others.Another characteristic of Anse is that he is extremely thrifty. He didnt feel the need to spend any money. This was clear when he didnt call Peabody to observe Addie during her final hours. Another scene that exemplified his laziness is when he is talk of the town to himself about the roadstead. He said that the roads were a direct reason why he was forced to pay taxes. He was disgusted at the sights of roads because it enabled people to bother him. During his journey to Jefferson, he had to overcome many obstacles to get to his name and address like the flood, the crossing of the river, and the fire that was set by Darl. His main goal was not to look foolish but that was very unlikely because he was with a coffin with his son sitting helplessly on top with a concrete cast on his leg, and because of the hole in the coffin, the corpse smelled terrible.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Blithedale Romance Essay -- Nathaniel Hawtho

Nathaniel Hawthornes The Blithedale RomanceIn the penultimate chapter of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Blithedale Romance, Coverdale offers a moral at the end of the narrative that specifically addresses Hollingsworths philanthropic and personal failures admitting what is called philanthropy, when adopted as a profession, to be often useful by its energetic impulse to society at large, it is perilous to the mortal whose ruling passion, in one exclusive channel, it thus becomes. It ruins, or is fearfully apt to ruin, the heart, the rich juices of which God never meant should be pressed violently forbidden and distilled into alcoholic liquor by an unnatural process, but should render life sweet, bland, and gently beneficent, and insensibly influence over other hearts and other lives to the resembling blessed end. (348)Coverdales moral, which implicates all of the reformers, including both Hollingsworth and himself, implies that an Edenic world created by individuals unwilling to acknowl edge a deterministic universe ultimately proves destructive, both to the self and to others. It non only proves fatal for the individualas evidenced in Hollingsworths ruling passion, Coverdales disillusionment, and Zenobias suicidebut it also proves fatal to the community, calm of rich juices symbolically depicted throughout the novel as fruit, specifically grapes and wine, that represent its members and their desires. When pressed violently, these ruling passions follow an unnatural process that can non accommodate a life sweet, bland, and gently beneficent, or one that accepts a predetermined course not governed by individual human will. Coverdales journey, a journey not only temporally taken through seasons ... ...to establish community in a predetermined world. The latter painting only results in isolation, in the death-in-life dry land even Coverdale cannot escape at the end. The bubbled world encapsulated in the revelers painting offers a momentarily glimpse into the ending Hawthorne does not give the romance. Rather, he leaves us with the survive paintings lesson, the broken bubble that not only describes Blithedale, Hollingsworth, and Zenobia, it also describes Coverdale, who sits in judgement on others, even in his memory, and leaves himself, like the New England toper, in isolation. If, in Hawthornes view, we should accept a predetermined course, acknowledging that we have no free will and no possibility for a Paradisiacal world devoid of corruption, then we should also learn to share together in a communal spirit that ultimately defeats absolutism and isolation.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase :: Papers

Effect of Substrate Concentration on Catalase Aims This is an experiment to witness how the concentration of the substrate Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) affects the rate of reaction of the enzyme Catalase. Background Information Enzymes such as Catalase are protein molecules, which are found in sustenance cells. They are used to speed up specific reaction within the cell. They are all very specific as each enzyme just performs iodin particular reaction. Catalase is an enzyme found in food such as potato and liver. It is used for removing Hydrogen Peroxide from cells. Hydrogen Peroxide is the poisonous by-product of metabolism. Catalase speeds up the decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide into water and oxygen as shown in the equations below. Formula It is able to speed up the decomposition of Hydrogen peroxide because the physique of its active site matches the shape of the Hydrogen peroxide molecule. This type of reaction where a molecule is broken down into smaller pieces is called an Anabolic Reaction. Apparatus mete out For The Experiment. 1. 250 cm3 Glass Beakers 2. Glass Thistle Funnel 3. Graduated Measuring Cylinder 4. Cork Borer 5. 250 cm3 Glass Cylinders. 6. Digital Stop clock 7. Scalpel 8. Tap and Distilled Water 9. tensile rule. 10. Safety Goggles. Method To test out how the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide affects the rate of reaction first set up the apparatus and prepare the diverse concentrations of Hydrogen peroxide as below Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Volume of Hydrogen Peroxide (cm3) Volume of Tap Water (cm3) 25 vol 250 0 20 vol 200 50 15 vol 150 100 10 vol 100 150 5 vol 50 200 1. Using the cork borer, take a sample of potato, cut this piece in cm intervals using the scalpel and plastic rule. Then cut these a further 2 sections, so on that point is now 5 sections per 1cm piece of potato.

Grandma Essay -- Personal Narrative Profile

Shes sitting in that location, a blown-out shell as hulking and vacant and lifeless as the enchanted castles of my beloved fairy-tale stories. The idiot box cries for attention, but her eyes refuse to acknowledge even its blatant wail. Behind tinted glass-is that smudged dirt or a protective coating?-eyes finally flutter open, the premier(prenominal) sign of life. Are they blank? Do they beg for help or scream of past and present pain? I cant say-I havent the courage to look.The world rotates just about its axis three times an hour and I run with it. Soccer cleats, water bottle, there you go. Fine-Ill be there in an hour. Okay, groceries, post office, soccer come . . . hmm . . . what do you want for dinner? Family members dance around the kitchen in the ultimate test of agility to avoid tromping on anothers toes. Theres nothing to eatLove you-bye go into back here Pick that up right now A slap of the cupboard door, dashed kisses, and a sprint for keys-trip crash yell A mad cacop hony-entirely normal, unsettling, and dear Grandma sits there. She has not moved. The eye of the storm? Or merely forgotten by time? Dad and I walk off from it all sometimes, releasing frustration in fruitless lament. Sometimes we laugh bitterly. Sometimes his speech communication are a painful reminder of a happier and more carefree time. I just had to get out of the house. Usually I can take it-but tonight His stride slows in failure. I never cute you to realize how different she is. I tried-I hoped youd never recognize her illness. And pretending used to work. Im-Im sorry you have to see it now. She used to love to visit, you know, and you loved her back. I sieve to remember lost time and attitude.Grandmas here A rus... ...er a fairy godmother in a white and poofy dress waving a crystalline conjuring wand and saying the magic words as I am instantaneously granted love and patience and relief from guilt and dread.But there is no magic wand or sudden connection of love and u nderstanding. There is no resolution of perfect peace. I stare at these words and am instead startled, not by supreme happiness or tranquility, but by a resilient hope. The world does not end with this page. I will push print and the world will go on, and I will continue to create my world. Happily ever after is unnecessary. Instead, maybe I will sit down next to her and simply speak. Tonight maybe I will kiss her cheek as she goes up to bed. Maybe I will hold her hand as she struggles up the stairs or joke with her, whether she understands or not. This is no end, and there doesnt yet need to be-Im still trying.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Mudslides: Causes and Effects :: essays research papers

Living in Bangladesh, we have seen quite disastrous mudslides from the past few years. Mudslide is also called a worldly concernslide or a land slip. It is a descending(prenominal) mass movement of earth or rock on unstable slopes, including many forms resulting from differences in rock structure, coherence of material involved, full point of slope, amount of embroild water, extent of natural or artificial undercutting at the base of the slope, relative rate of movement, and relative quantity of material involved. There argon numerous facts that earth-closet cause a mudslide and there argon also numerous effects that it ignore cause us. Mudslides usually occur in cragged areas, for an example, when there was a mudslide in Bangladesh few months back, it occurred at Chittagong. Mudslides occur when a portion of a hill side becomes too weak to hold up its own weight. This is in the main caused by an intense amount of rain fall. With all of the new water introduced into the slope the content of liquid makes it so profound that sobriety pulls it downward. Although water plays a major factor in creating the mud that flows in a mudslide the real reason that the land begins to slide is gravity. What happens is mudslides redistribute soil and sediments in a cultivate that can be in abrupt collapses or in slow gradual slides. Some other factors in causing mudslides are earthquakes, slope failures, heavy storms. All of the natural causes of mudslides are not nearly as bad as the human made causes such as rank terrain cutting, and excessive development. over development especially in hilly areas can cause mudslides that are dangerous. Hundreds of people die each year from the effects of mudslides. wellness hazards are sensation of the main effects of mudslides. Rapid moving water and wreckage lead to trauma for the sufferers. Clogged drainages can also cause spread of diseases. lost electrical, water, gas, and sewage lines can result in injury or illness.Env ironmental hazards arise as well from hazardous materials and waste. Hazardous materials concerns could arise from spills of gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, or solvents from containers or vehicles. Spills could tarnish soils or leach into ground or surface water. And environmental hazards could adversely affect humans, wild life, vegetation and water supply.Electrical hazards could include vegetation or equipment fires, electrical burns, or electrocutions to humans or animals. Electrical hazards could take place anywhere near energized conductors or facilities.Mudslides Causes and Effects essays research paperLiving in Bangladesh, we have seen quite disastrous mudslides from the past few years. Mudslide is also called a landslide or a land slip. It is a downward mass movement of earth or rock on unstable slopes, including many forms resulting from differences in rock structure, coherence of material involved, degree of slope, amount of include water, extent of natural or artificial undercutting at the base of the slope, relative rate of movement, and relative quantity of material involved. There are numerous facts that can cause a mudslide and there are also numerous effects that it can cause us. Mudslides usually occur in hilly areas, for an example, when there was a mudslide in Bangladesh few months back, it occurred at Chittagong. Mudslides occur when a portion of a hill side becomes too weak to hold up its own weight. This is generally caused by an intense amount of rain fall. With all of the new water introduced into the slope the content of liquid makes it so heavy that gravity pulls it downward. Although water plays a major factor in creating the mud that flows in a mudslide the real reason that the land begins to slide is gravity. What happens is mudslides redistribute soil and sediments in a process that can be in abrupt collapses or in slow gradual slides. Some other factors in causing mudslides are earthquakes, slope failures, heavy storms. All of the natural causes of mudslides are not nearly as bad as the human made causes such as grading terrain cutting, and excessive development. Over development especially in hilly areas can cause mudslides that are dangerous. Hundreds of people die each year from the effects of mudslides. Health hazards are one of the main effects of mudslides. Rapid moving water and wreckage lead to trauma for the sufferers. Clogged drainages can also cause spread of diseases. Broken electrical, water, gas, and sewage lines can result in injury or illness.Environmental hazards arise as well from hazardous materials and waste. Hazardous materials concerns could arise from spills of gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, or solvents from containers or vehicles. Spills could contaminate soils or leach into ground or surface water. And environmental hazards could adversely affect humans, wild life, vegetation and water supply.Electrical hazards could include vegetation or equipment fires, electrical burns, or electro cutions to humans or animals. Electrical hazards could take place anywhere near energized conductors or facilities.

Mudslides: Causes and Effects :: essays research papers

Living in Bangladesh, we have seen quite disastrous mudslides from the past few yrs. Mudslide is also called a write downslide or a land slip. It is a downward mass movement of earth or rock on unstable slopes, including many forms resulting from differences in rock structure, glueyness of solid involved, degree of slope, amount of included piss, extent of natural or artificial undercutting at the base of the slope, congeneric rate of movement, and relative quantity of material involved. There are numerous facts that heap develop a mudslide and there are also numerous effects that it can motility us. Mudslides usually come up in hilly areas, for an example, when there was a mudslide in Bangladesh few months back, it occurred at Chittagong. Mudslides occur when a portion of a hill positioning becomes too lightsome to hold up its own weight. This is generally caused by an intense amount of rain fall. With all of the new water introduced into the slope the means of liquid m akes it so heavy that gravity pulls it downward. Although water plays a major factor in creating the mud that flows in a mudslide the real reason that the land begins to slide is gravity. What happens is mudslides spread soil and sediments in a process that can be in abrupt collapses or in slow gradual slides. any(prenominal) other factors in causing mudslides are earthquakes, slope failures, heavy storms. All of the natural causes of mudslides are not close toly as bad as the clement made causes such as grading terrain cutting, and excessive development. Over development especially in hilly areas can cause mudslides that are dangerous. Hundreds of people legislate each year from the effects of mudslides. Health hazards are one of the main effects of mudslides. Rapid moving water and wreckage lead to trauma for the sufferers. Clogged drainages can also cause spread of diseases. Broken electrical, water, gas, and sewage lines can result in injury or illness.Environmental hazard s gussy up as well from unfounded materials and waste. Hazardous materials concerns could arise from spills of gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, or solvents from containers or vehicles. Spills could contaminate soils or leach into ground or surface water. And environmental hazards could adversely affect humans, fierce life, vegetation and water supply.Electrical hazards could include vegetation or equipment fires, electrical burns, or electrocutions to humans or animals. Electrical hazards could take place anywhere near energized conductors or facilities.Mudslides Causes and Effects essays research papersLiving in Bangladesh, we have seen quite disastrous mudslides from the past few years. Mudslide is also called a landslide or a land slip. It is a downward mass movement of earth or rock on unstable slopes, including many forms resulting from differences in rock structure, coherence of material involved, degree of slope, amount of included water, extent of natural or artificial unde rcutting at the base of the slope, relative rate of movement, and relative quantity of material involved. There are numerous facts that can cause a mudslide and there are also numerous effects that it can cause us. Mudslides usually occur in hilly areas, for an example, when there was a mudslide in Bangladesh few months back, it occurred at Chittagong. Mudslides occur when a portion of a hill side becomes too weak to hold up its own weight. This is generally caused by an intense amount of rain fall. With all of the new water introduced into the slope the content of liquid makes it so heavy that gravity pulls it downward. Although water plays a major factor in creating the mud that flows in a mudslide the real reason that the land begins to slide is gravity. What happens is mudslides redistribute soil and sediments in a process that can be in abrupt collapses or in slow gradual slides. Some other factors in causing mudslides are earthquakes, slope failures, heavy storms. All of the n atural causes of mudslides are not nearly as bad as the human made causes such as grading terrain cutting, and excessive development. Over development especially in hilly areas can cause mudslides that are dangerous. Hundreds of people die each year from the effects of mudslides. Health hazards are one of the main effects of mudslides. Rapid moving water and wreckage lead to trauma for the sufferers. Clogged drainages can also cause spread of diseases. Broken electrical, water, gas, and sewage lines can result in injury or illness.Environmental hazards arise as well from hazardous materials and waste. Hazardous materials concerns could arise from spills of gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, or solvents from containers or vehicles. Spills could contaminate soils or leach into ground or surface water. And environmental hazards could adversely affect humans, wild life, vegetation and water supply.Electrical hazards could include vegetation or equipment fires, electrical burns, or electrocutio ns to humans or animals. Electrical hazards could take place anywhere near energized conductors or facilities.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Correctional Facility

Andrea J. Paige January 30th, 2013 1. What is the biggest problem facing correctional facility today? The biggest problem that correctional facilities are facing is prison house overcrowding. This is because almost court officials have the thought that locking people up and throwing the key away is the best solutions to the problem of crime, when in fact its really non better for society because crime still rises in fact it is better for political court officials. They know this is not helping but if it gets them voted for because society thinks its safer then lock them up and throw the key way.What should the primary goal of corrections be? The primary goal of corrections should be to rehabilitate the offender. If reclamation is successfully done it would help the offender to become a productive member of society after they are released from prison. These things would have to take place from the second base they arrive at the prison like drug treatment, vocational training, and therapeutic counseling to try and find the source of the offenders issues. 2. Describe restorative rightness and its pros and cons.Restorative justice is justice that tends to the needs of the victim as well as the offender and also the community that is involved instead of punishing the offending take leavey. The victim takes part in this process to encourage the offender to take responsibility of their actions by attempting to repair the damage that has been done. The pros to restorative justice is that it is considered fair and also the offender whitethorn experience how the victim felt at the time of the incident. The cons are how you measure the crime or the needed penalty and how does one judge what the appropriate punishment is. . 3. What is the most effective management style for a prison? Fully excuse and give examples. The autocratic management style shows to be the best for the prison system because why does the inmate need to be able to help snip rules inside of the prison nor do the employees. There needs to be set rules for everyone to follow inside of the prison because with too many people controlling the rules at some point some things will be push through of order. 4. How has the ever-changing legal context influenced the growing problems of mentally disordered offenders in corrections?There have been some recent changes in the way the law is carried out that makes it more difficult to send mentally ill offenders to non-correctional programs. A lot of patients who were housed in hospital are now doing time in prisons because of an increase of these types of offenders beingness caught with drugs so the mentally ill drug user are experiencing harsher sentences. 5. In planning and designing reentry programs what steps are to be taken? Fully explain The target for each of the reentry facilities will be different according to the needs of the local community.Inmates will be moderate to a high risk to recidivate. The incentive to participati ng in the reentry program will be only with the possibility of gaining employment prior to release, participating in the various treatment programs, family reunification and works with a caseworker and also some of these services will also be needed Reentry Planning Teams, Urban Location for SCRF, Availability of Wrap-A-Around Services, Availability of Employment, Countys Mental Health, Public Health and Social Services Departments

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Kantian Ethics

After interpret the Oil fix case, it is discernible that the case presented an all too common example of violating sound ethical channel behavior where humans are subjected to wan treatment, unsafe dissemble condition, and total dismiss for their welfare. In this paper, I will attempt to apply the Kantian Ethics principles to this case in recite to read what went wrong in this situation. Kantian morality followers believe that motive is one of the most crucial elements to be analyzed when trying to distinguish amongst what is right and what is wrong in normal situations.According to Immanuel Kant, the founder of Kantian ethics, a moral action is one that is performed out of a sense of duty and which is base on a sense of acuate what one ought to do under certain circumstances therefore, a morally acceptable action is one that is never motivated by reward. One of the primal notions of the Kantian Ethics is the need to protect the employees and consumers by advocatin g that utility is not an end in itself. The above mentioned belief emphasizes the fact that organizations should not engage in exploiting consumers and employees for the sole antecedent to make profits.As much(prenominal), and base on the Kantian Ethics guiding principles, the Stratton Oil Comp both is committing unethical acts against the African employees. The comp either engages in profit maximizing by exploiting the African laborers for long hours with poor living conditions, unsafe work environs, and mediocre evacuation plans. The Workers on this petroleum rigs, both on wreak and off-shore, are routinely exposed to health and safety hazards in an attempt to cut cost and maximize profits. The focussing team failed to implement a refinement that fosters the employees best interests.By putting a value on human dignity, the company has disdainfully treated its employees as a means to an end. The managing team regarded the risks associated with running this rig as acceptabl e which most definitely constitutes a major problem for Kant and his followers. Furthermore, Kant emphasizes that profits essential be apply to better the livelihood of all stakeholders to include get outd not limited to the shareholders, employees both African and Expatriates, the consumers they serve, and the environment they operate within.In this case, the company did not invest in the well being of the many African laborers as compared to the few expatriates. The company is not willing to spend additional funds to provide helicopter rides to the topical anesthetic employees for example, and continues to allow for eighteen hour gravy boat trips following long working days at sea. Also, due to poor budgeting decision, the company elected not to provide proper medical attention to the locals and allowed for thorough medical measures such as finger and limb amputation as compared to reconstruction surgery provided to the expats.Obviously, the company recognizes the importan ce of preserving ones consistence organs but chose to implement policies that vouch a better quality of life for some and the worst for others. Kants second Categorical Imperative (Humanity or force out in Itself formulation) implies to Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. would require safe working conditions, a comely wage for all people, and no discriminating treatment of foreign employees. The Stratton Oil Company has not behaved as law-making members of a kingdom of ends. Instead, they allowed a series of abuses in order to make a great profit. Another aspect where this case fails the Kantian Ethics model is the fact that employees are also expected to work in a democratic mode where they are continuously contributing to all bloodline decisions.The Kingdom of Ends principle implies that employees not only have a right to whistle blow but in fact it is their duty to do so. Kantian theory instructs people to act in harmony with universally accepted rules. I believe that Kant would regard an individual to stand firm in telling the truth, regardless of personal outcome. In our case, the Expats are violating an important Kantian Ethical principle by not reporting the unethical examples enforced by the company and encouraged by the expats themselves.Turning a blind eye to such practices not only goes against the primary finish of the Kantian philosophy but also would violate the basic virtues of honesty and courage. The Expats are in fact looking the other way in awe of loosing their current luxurious status, and even worst fearing the possible retaliation from the company. Throughout his writings, Kant explained that a business organization should be regarded as a manifestation of a moral community which, in turns, emphasizes the need for employers to treat their employees with care and with the upmost respect.Giv en the horrible living conditions provided to the African laborers as described in the given case, it is evident that the Stratton Oil Company had built the African oil rig site on total disregard to any sense of community. Such observation is based on the clear disparity between the mediocre living conditions provided to the African laborers as compared to the luxurious living living quarters provided to the few expatriates. Generally speaking, the life of an oil rig worker is unique in several respects.Workers spend few weeks at a time on the rig per stint and then transported rear to land for about the same period off. Since the rigs are typically located hundreds of miles from the shore, it can be an isolating hold out that some arent emotionally equipped to handle. The precaution team recognizes the need for a better cordial life since, undeniably, provided the luxurious setup for the expatriates on one side, and all told disregarded the need for similar social amenities f or the African workers.This case also brings to light an important ethical dilemma linking the business to the Environment. Of course, Kant would give the environment legal rights rather than moral rights (Paul Taylors point of view) which makes perfect sense when explaining the nature of the relationship between business and the environment. Businesses should always follow environmental law as this is something that can be universalized. In other words, I would think that Kant would urge the company to use the environment in moderation due to the Universalizability principle.In our reckon case, some conscientious shareholders concerned with the environmental impact of these rigs have complained indicating the seriousness of the environmental violations currently practiced by the company. In conclusion, in this area of business ethics, it is obvious that the company is using the African labor market in an attempt to maximize profits from the use of cheap labor. I would argue that K ant would take issue with such practice my first reason is that Kant said you cannot use the workers as a means to an end.Furthermore, they should be treated as to those expatriates workers from the western hemisphere. Several conditions must be satisfied in order to use the available foreign labor such as i. Workers must freely choose to work with no added pressures from the local authorities, a common practice known all over the third world countries. ii. The work should be meaningful and provide opportunities for all employees regardless of the country of origin. iii. All workers should be allowed to bankrupt morally and physically. iv.The salary must be fair among all the employees based on the working conditions and qualifications. v. Finally leisure time activities of some sort should be equally offered to all employees. In other words, applying the duty and goodwill to this case, will solve the issue of foreign labor growing and help establish a morally responsible compa ny with solid sustainable goals. However, it is worth nothing that it is impossible to totally apply this theory to business ethics given the nature of Kantian ethics which makes it unrealistic to create firms not be driven by profit but rather by duty.Kantian EthicsAfter reading the Oil rig case, it is evident that the case presented an all too common example of violating sound ethical business behavior where humans are subjected to ill treatment, unsafe work condition, and total disregard for their welfare. In this paper, I will attempt to apply the Kantian Ethics principles to this case in order to determine what went wrong in this situation. Kantian ethics followers believe that motive is one of the most crucial elements to be analyzed when trying to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong in everyday situations.According to Immanuel Kant, the founder of Kantian ethics, a moral action is one that is performed out of a sense of duty and which is based on a sense of kn owing what one ought to do under certain circumstances therefore, a morally acceptable action is one that is never motivated by reward. One of the fundamental beliefs of the Kantian Ethics is the need to protect the employees and consumers by advocating that profit is not an end in itself. The above mentioned belief emphasizes the fact that organizations should not engage in exploiting consumers and employees for the sole reason to make profits.As such, and based on the Kantian Ethics guiding principles, the Stratton Oil Company is committing unethical acts against the African employees. The company engages in profit maximizing by exploiting the African laborers for long hours with poor living conditions, unsafe work environment, and mediocre evacuation plans. The Workers on this oil rigs, both on land and off-shore, are routinely exposed to health and safety hazards in an attempt to cut cost and maximize profits. The management team failed to implement a culture that fosters the em ployees best interests.By putting a value on human dignity, the company has disdainfully treated its employees as a means to an end. The managing team regarded the risks associated with running this rig as acceptable which most definitely constitutes a major problem for Kant and his followers. Furthermore, Kant emphasizes that profits must be utilized to better the livelihood of all stakeholders to include but not limited to the shareholders, employees both African and Expatriates, the consumers they serve, and the environment they operate within.In this case, the company did not invest in the well being of the many African laborers as compared to the few expatriates. The company is not willing to spend additional funds to provide helicopter rides to the local employees for example, and continues to allow for eighteen hour boat trips following long working days at sea. Also, due to poor budgeting decision, the company elected not to provide proper medical attention to the locals and allowed for extreme medical measures such as finger and limb amputation as compared to reconstruction surgery provided to the expats.Obviously, the company recognizes the importance of preserving ones body organs but chose to implement policies that guarantee a better quality of life for some and the worst for others. Kants second Categorical Imperative (Humanity or End in Itself formulation) implies to Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. would require safe working conditions, a decent wage for all people, and no discriminating treatment of foreign employees. The Stratton Oil Company has not behaved as law-making members of a kingdom of ends. Instead, they allowed a series of abuses in order to make a greater profit. Another aspect where this case fails the Kantian Ethics model is the fact that employees are also expected to work in a democratic ma nner where they are continuously contributing to all business decisions.The Kingdom of Ends principle implies that employees not only have a right to whistle blow but in fact it is their duty to do so. Kantian theory instructs people to act in harmony with universally accepted rules. I believe that Kant would want an individual to stand firm in telling the truth, regardless of personal outcome. In our case, the Expats are violating an important Kantian Ethical principle by not reporting the unethical practices enforced by the company and encouraged by the expats themselves.Turning a blind eye to such practices not only goes against the primary goal of the Kantian philosophy but also would violate the basic virtues of honesty and courage. The Expats are in fact looking the other way in fear of loosing their current luxurious status, and even worst fearing the possible retaliation from the company. Throughout his writings, Kant explained that a business organization should be regarded as a manifestation of a moral community which, in turns, emphasizes the need for employers to treat their employees with care and with the upmost respect.Given the horrible living conditions provided to the African laborers as described in the given case, it is evident that the Stratton Oil Company had built the African oil rig site on total disregard to any sense of community. Such observation is based on the clear disparity between the mediocre living conditions provided to the African laborers as compared to the luxurious living quarters provided to the few expatriates. Generally speaking, the life of an oil rig worker is unique in several respects.Workers spend few weeks at a time on the rig per stint and then transported back to land for about the same period off. Since the rigs are typically located hundreds of miles from the shore, it can be an isolating experience that some arent emotionally equipped to handle. The management team recognizes the need for a better social lif e since, undeniably, provided the luxurious setup for the expatriates on one side, and totally disregarded the need for similar social amenities for the African workers.This case also brings to light an important ethical dilemma linking the business to the Environment. Of course, Kant would give the environment legal rights rather than moral rights (Paul Taylors point of view) which makes perfect sense when explaining the nature of the relationship between business and the environment. Businesses should always follow environmental law as this is something that can be universalized. In other words, I would think that Kant would urge the company to use the environment in moderation due to the Universalizability principle.In our study case, some conscientious shareholders concerned with the environmental impact of these rigs have complained indicating the seriousness of the environmental violations currently practiced by the company. In conclusion, in this area of business ethics, it i s obvious that the company is using the African labor market in an attempt to maximize profits from the use of cheap labor. I would argue that Kant would disagree with such practice my first reason is that Kant said you cannot use the workers as a means to an end.Furthermore, they should be treated equally to those expatriates workers from the western hemisphere. Several conditions must be satisfied in order to use the available foreign labor such as i. Workers must freely choose to work with no added pressures from the local authorities, a common practice known all over the third world countries. ii. The work should be meaningful and provide opportunities for all employees regardless of the country of origin. iii. All workers should be allowed to develop morally and physically. iv.The salary must be fair among all the employees based on the working conditions and qualifications. v. Finally leisure activities of some sort should be equally offered to all employees. In other words, a pplying the duty and goodwill to this case, will solve the issue of foreign labor exploitation and help establish a morally responsible company with solid sustainable goals. However, it is worth nothing that it is impossible to totally apply this theory to business ethics given the nature of Kantian ethics which makes it unrealistic to create firms not be driven by profit but rather by duty.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Implementing change Essay

Managers are entrusted with a leadership bureau for an formation with an rail to set start objectives and create the right environment and effective techniques to meet those objectives. There are supposed to come up with creative ideas on the channelise needed in the organization and how that permute should be implemented with minimal difficulties while at the same time reaping maximum benefits from the change. A theatre directors role and responsibility in implementing change One major step towards achieving this is of course through having a very clear sense of goals.When the management is equipt with a clear sense of goals and objectives, then it will be possible for an organization or an institution to remove a new direction. The manager is historic at this stage. He or she is responsible for coming up with specific objectives and determining what direction the institution is supposed to take. It is imperative that the leader or in this case the manager learn to be patie nt because in many cases change demands patience. As a manager, one should be well informed on his or her team so as to have a good knowledge on which members can be best used. Banutu & Banutu 2003)The task of management in times of implementing change demands good colloquy skills. One of the managers main tasks is relaying ideas, mission, goals, and objectives of the institution to the subordinates. It is therefore important that the manager is skilled in communication so as to effectively hammer the point home. Good communication skills are two way. The manager should too be a good reviewer and listener so as to understand any information or feedback that may be coming from the team members.Managers should also action as role models to their team by for instance setting an example of sacrifice. To make the operation of change easier, the managers behavior should provide a model for motivation. He or she should be ready to listen to team members, respect them, delegate some po wers to them, and assist them. much(prenominal) characters and actions go a long way in motivating the team and elevating their interest to the task at hand. Team members are not only inspired with a mission but also make to initiate novelty and new ways of bring forwarding.For a change process to be successful, the manager is supposed to build trust among group members and ensure that they think and work as a unit as opposed to working as individuals. The manager should be able to nurture intimacy among members, demonstrate egotism confidence, integrity, and honesty. He or she should be able to connect real life personal experiences with transformational requirements or behaviors of the institution. The manager should have a strong sense of familiarity with the team and its activities. This way, the influence process becomes easier and more effective.It is imperative the manager fully understands the task ahead and relays that to the subordinates. This attribute should be coup led with high train commitment to the institution. Integrity and consistency are paramount in the change process if the laid down objectives are to be realized. (Banutu & Banutu 2003) Handling cater resistance to change One of the most common characteristics in the change process is resistance towards change by members of the organization. Though resistance to change is mainly viewed negatively, it can have positive outcomes too.For instance, staff resistance can lead to a functional conflict. This sought of conflict stimulates a healthy debate among members and the leadership as well. Such a debate sheds light on the various faces of change and ultimately leads to a better decision in the end. Staff resistance though could act as a major obstacle to an organizations pursuit to achieve change and progress. If the staff is adamant to change its mindset to fit and suit with changing times, then the organization will experience difficulties adapting and achieving progress.Managers a re supposed to come up with ways to deal with staff resistance and ensure that the staff is collaborative instead of the other way round. (Kelly 1992) Communicating with staff members is a significant step in dealing with resistance. The leadership should take its time in demonstrating the logic of change to the staff and get rid of any chances of misinformation or misunderstanding. As indicated earlier, involvement of the staff in decision making is a right tactic in ensuring that staff members not only implement change but also feel as being a part of it.This reduces the level of resistance, increases the change quality of the staff, and achieves commitment from the staff. The manager can also provide individuals who can handle and manage change activities or act as one. The manager or the change agents can offer facilitation and support to staff members so the idea of change and its actual implementation can be easier and more understandable. (Holton 2003) other method through which managers can avert potential resistance is through negotiation with the staff. The management can offer the staff something like a honor in exchange of lessened resistance.The manager should however be wary of blackmail because some staff members may take advantage of this and demand rewards in any event of a change process. When clean strategies fail or deemed unreliable to avert staff resistance, the manager can use cooptation and manipulation techniques so as to achieve his or her ends. Making facts look appealing more than they really are and hatching force rumors can get the staff to need change and actually look forward to its implementation. The personalities leading the resistance can be bought off by the manager by offering them important positions in the change process.They are made to feel as if they engaged in opposing change but in actual sense the plan goes unhitched. The in conclusion trick on the book is the use of coercion. The manager gives direct threats to the staff members and applies direct force. Other measures include transfer of members, demotion, poor letter recommendation, or right away firing. It is important that the staff understands they are not indispensable as the change that the organization is seeking is more important than an individual career. (Bass & Avolio 1994) Steps of the change processThe management with the collaboration and active participation of the staff should engage themselves in assessing the organizations goals and objectives. There should be an extensive understanding of why the organization is taking the change path and how well equipped it is to actually implement its objectives. In the event that the management feels time is not ripe for a fussy change process to be initiated, then it can be shelved until the right time comes. The management should put all facts on the table and analyze them earlier it starts to implement them.All possible scenarios to the process should be considered. In the readying process, it is important that the manager ensures that staff members fully comprehend the plan ahead of them. It is also important that staff members are to a certain level involved in the process. The reasons for using participation, as discussed earlier, is to gain the collaboration of the staff and reduce chances of resistance. Carrying out the actual change process calls for dedication from everyone involved. Any challenges such as staff resistance should be dealt with swiftly.During the evaluation, the management should go back to the aims and objectives outlined during the planning process. External evaluators should be invited so as to avoid any chances of bias. (Banutu & Banutu 2003) Conclusion Only one thing is certain in any place and that is change. Organizations, clean as human beings, are in a process of change. It is up to the management to ensure that this is change is to the positive. The modern world is characterized by cutthroat contention and there is n o room for being stagnant.

Friday, May 24, 2019

NEBOSH General Certificate Essay

A refuge inspection was completedThe workplace is an A listed building with historical signifi arsece and covers one-third storeys and a basement. It is made up primarily of offices however the Museum of Fire forms a large part of the res publica floor, with the basement area used for exhibit archiving and storage.47 staff are employed in the building, 1 of which is registered disab direct. They work various patterns by dint ofout the day surrounded by 8am 6pm performing general administration duties, whilst a teeny-weeny effect of staff also provide museum guided tours to members of the public. On occasion at that place are visitors who attend meetings in the building both in ground floor conference rooms and throughout the three storey premises. There are 4 cleaning staff who work in the building between 6 am-730 am. Cleaning staff vacuum, dust and clean the toilets within the building.Most staff have dedicated work stations, however some staff are required to hot desk. T here are four photocopiers within the building which are used throughout the work day.During my safety inspection a number of safety issues were noted and have been compiled in this report. I recommend you dissect this report carefully and memorize note of the issues that I have raised and take swift action to make amends. Financial costs to implement these requirements are explained in my recommendations.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBreaches were frame with regard to the following health and safety issues1.Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 block off fire exits, combustible substances found in protected escape routes, inadequate evacuation procedure for the evacuation of disabled employees. 2. body of work ( health, guard and Welfare) Regulations 1992 chemise hazards were identified throughout, insufficient lighting in basement area may lead to injury and employees using vehicularaccess routes as shortcuts into building hold collision hazard. 3.Manual Handling Operations regulations 1992 Lifting e quipment has not been provided to assist employees and incorrect manual handling techniques displayed by staff. 4.Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 DSE assessment findings not actioned and procedures not followed for bare-ass employees. 5.Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended) Employee safety potenti eithery compromised through inadequate disposal of printer ink cartridges and inadequate ventilation in prime(prenominal) off floor photocopier room.briny FINDINGS OF THE INSPECTIONFire (Scotland) Act 2005The majority of health and safety law breaches were found under this piece of legislation. Two fire doors were found to be blocked during the inspection with one being locked entirely. Discarded combustible substances were identified within protected escape routes and adjacent to potential ignition sources. Fire doors were discovered to be wedged open throughout the building with the justification offered by some staff tha t we operate an open door policy. A major doctor identified was the lack of provision for the safe evacuation of disabled employees or visitors to the building. Disabled employees and visitors can gain access to the building by using the promote provided within the central stairwell. This leave not be accessible in the event of a fire and some other means of evacuation will be required. The giving medication has purchased an evac-chair however at the time of the inspection this was locked away and staff had not been trained in its use. There are serious flaws in the personal evacuation plan for the employee located on the first floor. A defective fire extinguisher was also identified.Flagrant disregard for Fire Safety is putting your employees at risk, which may pass on in your organisation facing financial penalties, with senior management facing the potential for custodial sentences. This may put on your companys reputation resulting in lost business. Most of the issues Iha ve identified in this report can be dealt with immediately. Management can ensure that procedures are being followed by the initiation of a quarterly safety inspection programme.Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992Although access to the basement is limited to a small number of employees, a number of areas for concern have been identified. Freedom of movement in the basement corridors is virtually impossible due to stored museum artefacts and general clutter presenting trip hazards. Access to the basement is via a steep stone staircase, there is no handrail provided presenting the potential for slips, trips and falls. The lighting within the basement is inadequate and there is the potential for injury by coming into connectedness with low pipework at head height throughout this area.The disabled employee located on the first floor shares an office with two other able bodied employees. The disabled employee has limited mobility and uses a walking stick. Free move ment around this office was found to be difficult due to the presence of boxes and general clutter. There is the danger of trips within this area with subsequent injury.At the time of the inspection unseasonal snow showers had led to slippery conditions at the main entrance. There was no provision for clearing this area and gritting icy surfaces, no employee had been particular with this responsibility.At the time of the inspection employees were discover taking shortcuts through the vehicular access routes to the car parking area. This accompanied with the weather conditions presented a hazard where a pedestrian may come into contact with vehicular traffic sustaining serious injury.Manual Handling Operations regulations 1992Two main issues were identified during the inspection, which raised concernsover manual handling. The first is that employees appeared to be incognizant of safe lifting and handling techniques, poor lifting techniques may lead to injury. Additionally, manageme nt has not provided suitable equipment to allow boxes to be safely stored on top of cabinets, the provision of a suitable step ladder or suitable lifting equipment should be considered. Back injuries can potentially be serious and may affect the individual for the proportionality of their lives. The cost of suitable manual handling training is minimal compared to the cost of compensation claims by employees following injury. This can be considered part of your moral concern to your employees.Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992Initial inspections were carried out by your organisation, this could have been considered to be good practice, however the findings of the inspections have not been actioned. There was evidence of employees improvising to justify the effects of issues which were identified during DSE inspections. There has also been a failure to carry out DSE inspections with new employees.Introducing a DSE inspection procedure will cost the organi sation very little as adequate training has already been provided to managers. It was intimated that excessive workloads were preventing managers from finding time to carry out adequate DSE inspections.The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations 2002 (as amended)In general your workplace can be deemed to be low hazard, however two breaches of the COSHH regulations were observed. A used printer cartridge was left fling next to the printer in the first floor main office area. This contained residue ink and had the potential to expose staff to hazardous chemicals. The photocopier on the first floor is located in a confined space. This presents the hazard to exposing employees to ozone as the area did not have suitable working ventilation. Exposure to ozone will result in employees becoming ill.These issues can be rectified at reasonably small cost. You have a duty under the COSHH regulations to not make your employees ill, and breaches of this regulation, if interpreted to court, could lead to fines and custodial sentences.CONCLUSSIONSThis report has shown that there are a number of serious health and safety breaches within LBFRS headquarters. The Fire (Scotland) Act 2005 has been dangerously treat through fire exits being blocked, combustible materials being discarded in protected escape routes and serious concerns over the evacuation procedure for disabled employees and visitors. The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations have been disregarded with corridors being blocked in the basement, unguarded obstructions at head height and the potential for falls down access steps due to the absence of a suitable handrail. Trip hazards located in areas frequented by your disabled and other employees are also a concern. Employees taking shortcuts through vehicular traffic routes also have the potential for serious injury. Incorrect manual handling techniques can lead to permanent injuries, currently management is not meeting its obligations by providing suitable training and lifting equipment to negate this hazard. Although initially carried out the findings of DSE assessments have not been actioned and new staff have not been included in the procedure. These findings can impact negatively on employees and hold the potential to affect productivity as well as resulting in injury through recollective term exposures. There were also breaches under the COSHH regulations which have the potential to lead to illness and injury of employees. First aid equipment was found to be out of date.If the recommendations detailed within this report are not actioned then your organisation may be at risk of negative publicity, with breaches of health and safety law leaders to a poor reputation which can have a direct effect on existing business relationships affecting your companys financial stability. Employee absence will also have financial implications for your organisation as retraining, recruitment and litigation costs may prove to be substantial. Management moldiness make an effort to improve health and safety inthe workplace, failure to do so is likely to impact of employee morale and may have a direct effect on productivity.The recommendations following my inspection of your organisation are detailed in the table below. I strongly recommend that these findings are actioned and that all suitable changes are introduced to your workplace.RecommendationsRecommendationLikely resource implicationsPriorityTarget dateUnblock fire exits and ensure they can be opened in an emergency evacuation. 1 hour for two employees. Financial cost of purchasing secure break glass point to house basement fire door key and time costs of organisations joiner to satisfactory box securely onto wall adjacent to door.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Learning Team Deliverable Essay

The assignment for this week focuses on the teams understanding of the goals and objectives of develop program nurture and delivery. Team C summarizes the following highlights of this weeks discussions determining organizational development theories and applications differentiating between mentoring and executive coaching note identifying the major components of employee learning and comparing career development strategies.Organizational Development Theories and ApplicationsOrganizational development (OD) focuses on the research, theory, and practices committed to increasing the knowledge and effectiveness of individuals to achieve positive and boffo organizational transformations. OD is the continuous process of planning, implementing, and evaluating the goals of the keep association by the way of transferring knowledge and skills to organizations to improve their capacity for solving problems and managing future change (Organizational development theory, n.d.). The blood li ne of OD came from studies from the 1930s, 40s, and 50s where the realization arisen around how the structure of the organization and its processes helped shape an employees performance and drive. In recent years, OD is helping companies align with the changes occurring in the advanced business environment. Key to organizational development theories and applications is the organizations climate, culture, and strategies.The Difference between Mentoring and Executive CoachingMany companies are now beginning to range of mountains the signifi hoboce of mentoring and coaching their employees. Although many entry-level theorises do require a college education and a few years experience, it is crucial to provide the needed tools and training to those employees interested in climbing the corporate ladder into managerial or supervisory positions. Now more than ever, companies are realizing the need to provide leadership advancement opportunities to its employees so as to motivate them, stay competitive and productive, which in turn positively impacts the bottom line of the business. Mentoring and coaching programs are now habitually used in many organizations to improve leadership qualities (Watt, 2004).The Major Components of Employee teachEmployee training is essential to the both individual and companywide achiever. Training improves productivity and profitability, promotes a safe and healthy ladder environment, ensures compliance with laws and regulations, and creates opportunities for career development. There are several major components that should be included in an effective training program, and those components include performing a job analysis and needs assessment, establishing training objectives, conducting a training program, and evaluating training solvents. Performing a job analysis involves formatting a detailed study of necessary job requirements including skills needed to complete the job and required employee qualifications. A needs assess ment identifies training activities that are required in order to achieve company objectives.Before training, an employer must find oneself what will be accomplished as a result of the training. Training objectives are terms that describe the intended outcome of a training program. The objectives allow for the measurement of success as there are predetermined skill levels and conditions that should be achieved. In order to meet company objectives, the employer must conduct a training program. Training can be carried out through on-the-job training, job rotation, apprenticeship training, classroom training, and many other methods. irrespective of the method(s) of training implemented meeting training objectives should be the focus. It whitethorn be necessary to use more than one method of training or fiat training if results are not being achieved. In order to determine the effectiveness,the training outcome must be evaluated.The evaluation of training consists of a reaction, learn ing, behavior, and results. Results determine how much the trainee liked the program. Learning outlines what facts and concepts were learned. Behavior determines if the program had an effect on the behavior(s) of the trainees. And results highlight what was accomplished as a result of the program, i.e. reduction of turnover or cost. Evaluating a training program allows for an employer to identify and correct areas in which improvement is needed. In order accomplish company goals employees must be trained effectively. Training cannot be an afterthought it should be planned and implemented correctly.Career Development StrategiesCareer development is comprised of three main objectives. The first objective is to meet piecee resource needs in a timely manner throughout the life of the business. The second objective is to provide information about open positions and opportunity for growth to the organizations employees. The last objective is to use existing programs to develop and mana ge employee careers to match organizational plans and goals.Three different parties are responsible for(p) for professional development within the organization the employee, the employees manager, and the organization itself. Various strategies exist to succeed in the development process. One strategy human resources may use is career pathing. For example, an existing employee would like to apply for a higher position within the company. To acquire the required skills, the employee may work with management and the human resource department to develop a blueprint of the steps required to achieve the necessary skill set or certification. Some organizations offer specialized education or training classes to their employees. Another strategy tool in career development is career counseling. Through career counseling, human resource managers can communication with the employee and the organizations managers, while employees explore career goals and opportunities in the organization (Exp loreHR.org, 2014).ConclusionOrganizational development is an essential component in the success of an organization. As discussed above there are various OD theories andapplications that can be utilize to improve the overall effectiveness of company processes and operation. Mentoring and executive coaching are similar methods both used to improve employee performance or correct damaging behaviors. Employee training includes a number of components including, performing a job analysis and needs assessment, establishing training objectives, conducting a training program, and evaluating training outcomes. The primary strategies for career development are meeting human resource needs, providing information about opportunity for growth, and developing and managing employee careers. The above mentioned strategies and methods can be used in conjunction to improve company success.ReferencesElements of Career Planning Programs. (2014). Retrieved on November 30, 2014 from http//www.explorehr.or g/articles/Career_Management/Elements_of_Career_Planning_Programs.html Organizational development theory. Retrieved from http//www.med.upenn.edu/hbhe4/part4-ch15-organizational-development-theory.shtml Watt, L. (2004). Mentoring and coaching in the workplace an insight into two leading leadership development programs in organizations. Canadian Manager.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Feasibility Study on Whitening Soap Essay

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYWith todays generation being very conscious of their skin, both workforce and women are faced with the problem of choosing different kinds of whitening harvest-festivals.As students that are looking for other ways to earn money, our group has come up with the base of making a whitening soap that not only serves its main purpose of whitening but also give the users the satisfaction of using soaps that adopt great scents and are appealing to the consumers.Competitive AdvantageIt is a fact that the majority of the consumers of whitening products are from the teens and young adults that seek to nurture their skin and complexion.Our product clearly has an advantage compared to other whitening products because first it is very appealing to the consumers both men and women of all ages because of its unique color and the selection of different scents. coffin nail MarketSince the recent trend in beauty products in todays market is widely on whitening and anti-aging, a nd the fact that heap are very conscious with their appearance, has constituted to the advocates of this study to choose the following target segment.Target SegmentsMiddle-aged women that are beauty conscious This group of people is normally those that have adequate income to purchase beauty products. They are also the ones that prioritize in preserving their appearance since they are the ones that are starting to age.Dark skinned people These are the people that wish to have a lighter skintone and want to achieve their goal instantly.II. BUSINESS PLANBusiness caseA Marketing StrategyThe biggest challenge that leave alone be faced by administering our product is that we have many competitors in the beauty persistence and many of them are already established companies and sellers.The primary business target markets are the Universities and Banks that constitute the major clients of the beauty industry.B Product StrategySince the electric current market is already made up of man y suppliers and sellers of beauty products most specifically in whitening, we have made our product more appealing in terms of its colors and shape that other products dont have.Capital Requirement5,000 PhpDETAILED COST ALLOCATION FOR 3 YEARSParticularsIndirect Materials misfortune for repacking15,800Delivery Fare10,500Cash FlowWith this capital requirement, we will be able to buy 45 pcs of soap for ourgroup and we will be able to repack them and sell them for 120 per pc.If everything goes well, we will reinvest the money we have earned for more products in order for us to generate more income.Forecasted Net IncomeSalesP 263,250Cost of sales 182,250 other(a) Expenses 26,300Gross ProfitP 54,700*This forecasted net income is income for three years.Recommendation and FindingsThe fact that our group chose to buy and sell instead of manufacturing our own product, we will be able to generate income with righteous a little amount of capital. We will also find it easier in the field of buy ing and selling because we will only order products and repack them only when clients will be ordering from us and thus we will not be holding products for long periods of times before selling them.ConclusionWe therefore fold that investing 5,000 in this industry will prove to be beneficial for us because it proves that we can generate profit from it.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

The Role of Violence in Beowulf

It is clear that violence, or at least military action plays an important role in the terra firma of Beowulf. The events in Beowulfs life atomic number 18 strongly connected to combat he saves the Kingdom of Denmark by defeating both Grendel and his mother he serves as the King of Geatlands advisor and champion he is select King of Geatland after the former king and his son are killed in battle and successfully for cubic decimetre years and he kills the fire-monster and save Geatland (Slade Bullfinch).The violence in Beowulf does non appear to be engaged in gratuitously, for its own sake, or out of cruelty. Instead, the violence serves as a tool to achieve various goals. The work force in Beowulf engage in violence in defense against an attack, threat or as Hill suggests, a controversy. Military action is used as a method of getting wealth and additional territory. Lastly the use of violence is seen in terms of good versus evil, with Beowulf and his people in the role of the go od.Both of the study scenes of violence in the poem are aimed at specific targets and occur as responses to attacks made by Grendel, his mother, the lady troll-wife on Denmark, and by the dragon that attacks Geatland. When Beowulf saves the dry land of Demark from destruction at the claws of Grendel he is responding to the attacks Grendel has been making on the Danish court. Hrothgar, king of Denmark, was . . . success in warcraft given,/honour in war, so that his retainers/ eagerly served him until the young war-band grew/into a mighty battalion (Slade, 64-66).As a result of his success he decides to build a mead-hall where he can give his wealth to young and old, such as God gave him (Slade, 72). The poem does not tell us against whom Hrothgar has fought to gain his wealth, hardly the description of his lineage is a positive one that does not lend itself to indiscriminating attacks and raiding (Slade 1-63). When the Danes are unable to defeat Grendel Beowulf leads a group of m en and succeeds in killing Grendel and, when she seeks revenge on Beowulf the next day, Grendels mother.Although Beowulfs purpose was to save Denmark from Grendel, due(p) to his great deed, Beowulf receives both wealth and reputation. He returns to his own country Geatland. There he serves the country well, ultimately becoming King of Geatland. After Beowulf had been king for fifty years, a dragon attacks the country Beowulf is the only one who will fight it. He succeeds in killing the dragon, alone is killed during the fight. It is clear the people in the world of Beowulf used violence to gain both wealth and honor. As mentioned above Hrothgar has made his fortune by military action.Since Hrothgar is not condemned for his acts, but is celebrated by men and given gifts from the gods, in fact the poet tells us that Hrothgar is old and good (Slade 130) Based on this it appears unlikely that such a method of gaining wealth was considered inappropriate, but is a tool to be used to gai n wealth. Beowulf himself leaves Denmark with a great wealth of gold and an honorable reputation for his abilities to fight. Since Beowulf is the celebrated hero of the poem it appears legitimate that violence as a means to wealth is accepted by the people in the world of the poem.The people in the poem regard themselves as engaging in the universal fight between good and evil with themselves fight on the side of goodness. The poet tells us that Grendel was condemned with the kin of Cain (Slade) and a result of the feud between Abel and Cain, i. e. , good versus evil (Slade 106-114). Consequently when Beowulf fights against Grendel, his mother, and the dragon, he is fighting against creatures that were brought into being when Cain murdered his brother.Kennedy proposes that not only does Beowulf describe the battle between good and evil, but contains a deeply pervasive infusion of Christian spirit coloring thought and judgment, governing motive and action, a continuous and active ag ent in the process of transformation (Kennedy, xlix). Gordon takes a more conservative approach and points out that Christianity did not supplant the native pagan beliefs all at once, but co-existed in Northern Europe at this time (Gordon 1). It is evident that violence plays an important part in the live and traditions of the people of the poem.It appears however that instead of indiscriminate raiding, raping, and plundering one associates with the Vikings, violence was seen as a tool for defense, building wealth, and participating in the fight against evil. However it must be remembered that Beowulf presents only the side of the Danes and the Geats and does not tell how the people who lost their lives and wealth to Hrothgar viewed these people.Works CitedBullfinch, Thomas. The Age of Fable. Published April 2000 by Bartleby. com 2000 Copyright Bartleby. com, Inc. 29 Mar. 2007 http//www.bartleby. com/182/301. html.Gordon, R. K. trans. Anglo-Saxon Poetry. London J. M. Dent & Sons, 1954.Hill, John M. Anthropological Approaches to white-haired English Literature A Special Issue. Philological Quarterly (1999) 1. Questia. 30 Mar. 2007 .Kennedy, Charles W. trans. Beowulf The Oldest English Epic. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1978.Slade, Benjamin, Ed. and Trans. , 2003. Diacritically Marked Text of Beowulf Facing a New Translation. 29 Mar. 2007 http//www. heorot. dk/beo-intro-rede. html.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Notes for exam question Essay

Chapter 1 mixer scientist have argued that issues of inequality, poverty and well-disposed exclusion cut across both societal upbeat and crime control commonwealths, and noted that while some(prenominal) responses to these issues may become the focussing of brotherly eudaemonia policies, others may become the focus of crime control interventions. companionable justice then is neither the sole(prenominal) terrain of social eudaimonia nor of crime control. The boundaries among these two domains tend to be mobile and porous.This cerebration was introduced by arguing that the neat distinction between the goals of social wellbeing (well being) and the goals of crime control (maintaining social order) insure down on closer inspection.Chapter 1 slit 4 crime control measures impact adversely on social benefit and produce justice struggles. State withdrawal from the direct provision of welfare services is accompanied by greater attention to antisocial behaviour of younger and pitiable peopleer groups in society.Social welfare is oriented towards the creation and maintenance of social well-being through the provision of various social supports combating social inequalities by promoting redistribution and social inclusion and countering various social harms much(prenominal) as poverty and discrimination.The domain of crime control is to a greater extent oriented towards the creation and maintenance of social stability, social order and credential by addressing behaviours and activities of those who are perceived to threaten these in some way.Crime control and social welfare policies, there are many examples of entanglement between them. For example, countering antisocial behaviour may be specify as a social welfare matter in that it protects the welfare and well being of some against the disruptions caused by others. This example also raises wider social welfare questions, I.e how can societies support young people and others so that they do not conduc t themselves in ways that are viewed as antisocial?The relationship between social welfare and crime control is dynamic meaning it is likely to change over time, and it is contested. some other example of how social welfare and crime control is entangled protecting children from abuse- a role interpreted on by both police and social workers, acting in partnership but with or else blurred boundaries between the welfare and crime control functions. The entanglements between welfare and crime control care many different forms.Welfare states in its traditional form is considered by many commentators across the governmental spectrum to be in need of reform.Social scientists focus on creating social inclusion rather than on providing welfareIdeas about(predicate) an underclass of marginalised individuals often ominous Afro caribbean or Hispanic have informed policies on crime cakes and crime control in countries such as the USA. Many studies are handing over more responsibility fo r tackling crime and antisocial behaviour to local communities, who in turn address crime prevention through a mix of welfare and control strategies.As environmental issues become more Copernican in ensuring security and well-being, so attention is turning to new kinds of harm harms perpetrated not by those traditionally defined as problem populations, often on the margins of society but by the rich and mightily who perpetuate environmental and other kinds of crime.Many struggles for social justice, produced laws that have to be enforced through the institutions of misemploy justice. On the other hand, some criminal justice measures including many of those now associated with anti terrorist measures are viewed as producing harms such as internment or the loss of rights for authoritative population groups.Chapter 1 section 3&6 dissent and protest against social injustice may be the subject or criminalising responses.The dear study for the Joseph row tree foundation shows an i ncreasing inequality of wealth in the uk in the former(a) 20th century when income inequalities grew rapidly. It also shows a greater degree of spatial segregation of wealth and poverty, with local areas increasingly dominated by wealthy or unforesightful residents and a decline in social mixing.Poverty concentrates attention on one segment of society those living below a certain level of income, or below a certain level of resources.Many studies of poverty tend to focus attention on poor people rather than the wider social structures which generate and reproduce poverty. In the process, then, such studies divert attention from the relationship between wealth and poverty, and the ways in which richer and more powerful groups bonk to increase their wealth and hold on to it at the expense of poorer and less powerful groups.Much social investigation into poverty has in practice involved looking at the poorest people to see what was wrong with them, and is based on the assumption that there must be something about them that makes them different from us.In the nineteenth century, investigators went like intrepid explorers into the neighbourhoods where the poor lived in order to examine their habits, their ways of life, their culture and most oftentimes their character. The poor were associated with a range of social dangers from illness, through crime and vice, to the threat of socialism.This emphasis on statistical investigation has had a profound influence on the subsequent development of social research in the uk and how we come to know about and understand the social world. But the investigation and observation of the character and habits of the poor has also had enduring consequences, reflecting a persistent belief that the cause of poverty could be discovered there. nineteenth century investigations into moral failings of the poor merged into20th century concerns with their dysfunctional family life or their culture of poverty.The whim of a culture of po verty had mutated into a culture of dependency. All of these terms expressed the idea that poor people had habits, attitudes and ways of life that has passed poverty on across generations.Chapter 2 section 2 welfare states are involved in the maintenance of social order and stability by naturalising and normalising social inequalitiesChapter 2 sections 2,3&4 welfare states prescribe certain ideas of behaviour. These may stigmatise certain categories of people in booths study, the poor and in the 21st century, those who are not gainfully employed or who do not agree with norms of active citizenship.Welfare states also police adherence to norms of good conduct and may punish those who persuade from them. Punishments may range from measures such as the withdrawal of benefits and services to actual criminalisation.Chapter 3 section 3 care whether provided informally or through welfare states can involve the abuse, neglect and exploitation of defenceless people. Some abuses are sub ject to criminal prosecution.Chapter 3 section 4 treaties, conventions, laws and workers rights are often unable in regulating safety and ensuring freedom from harm in the workplace. Trade unions have attempted to verge workplace harms by pursuing rights and legal safeguards, but there power has been weakened. In attempt to avert legislative action, some companies are now developing voluntary codes of conduct based on the idea of social responsibility.Chapter 4 section 2 problem populations, in problem places such as the black population of new Orleans tend to be stigmatised, viewed as a source of harm, crime and social disorderChapter 4 section 3 some of the case studies show how welfare policies that sought to realise housing problems in the past have had damaging consequences, leading to punitive and criminalising policies in the present.Chapter 5 section 2 global slums are sites of concerns about crime and disorder. They are also sites of emerging understanding about how s lums can be a source of progress and development through self helpChapter 5 section 4 transnational institutions concerns with regulating environmental crimes are contrasted with restorative self regulatory and democratic models of development.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Marketing strategy of the organisation

In nightclub for us to go out any administration we have to either cognize about or sacrifice some seek on it. So in this assignment I have chosen an administration. The administration I am making my assignment on is Polyflor South Africa. The administration pass on be described, including their products/ proceedss and their clients. In order to understand the administration we need to carry on a SWOT analysis, in addition looking at barriers. If we have all the needed information from above we will understand the administration better and push aside get down with the sell program.Question 1The administration I am traveling to depict is Polyflor Gross saless Africa other cognize as Polyflor South Africa. Polyflor S.A is an industrial flooring company. The South Afri screw subdivision was established in 2004 by Denver Coleman and Sheila Coleman. The administration really originates from the United Kingdom where the first Branch of was established in Manchester.Polyflor is al l over the universe, they have subdivisions all over the universe. There ar subdivisions all over Europe, Asia, due north America and Australia. So they be fundamentally on every continent. Polyflor Manchester is the chief caput office.Polyflor S.A is a mob concern, where they all work together. The administration believes strongly in Team Work . And is all about profiting the consumer.Polyflor S.A has a figure of different merchandises. All their merchandises are heavy responsibility, industrial merchandises. They do chiefly solemn nevertheless they got some other merchandises that is non flooring, it s really got to make with plumbing.Their chief merchandise is heavy responsibility, industrial vinyl group flooring. Another merchandise of theirs is industrial meshing mussitate elastic tiles. They besides do wooden handicap mosaics. The merchandise that is non shocking related that is comparatively new at Polyflor S.A is specialized industrial drains.As you mess see al l their merchandises are industrial merchandises so they meant to be used in authoriseographic points where the merchandises will be introduced to a batch of wear and tear. You will happen their merchandises in mills, large edifices etc. The vinyl flooring can really be seen chiefly in infirmaries and in many of the luxury baby buggy line drives. The merchandises are non truly used in a private capacity.Polyflor does nt acquire their merchandises from merely unrivaled topographic point, their merchandises come all over the universe. Their vinyl shocking comes from the United Kingdom, from Manchester. That s the majority of their merchandises they do. The specialized drains are evented from Germany. They do hold a local manufactured merchandise and that is the meshing gum elastic tiles that they really get from down the route from them.They do nt truly supply a service as they sell shocking and other merchandises, but they do hold support systems where they will the encouragee r at anytime. They ever there for their clients. They besides got a station sale service where they will help refering their merchandises. If a client is necessitating aid or general aid refering their merchandises, the employees of Polyflor S.A will ever be at that place to assist every bit much as they can.For these types of merchandises there is non a immense visage market, as these merchandises are non used in a personal and private capacity. They are used in a industrial capacity, intending mills, infirmaries and so on. Polyflor S.A does non put in the shocking they sell their merchandises to the administrations who install it.So Polyflor s has non got an eternal sum of clients, but they do hold a big client base. Which the mint of them are fifty-fifty, on traveling purchasers of their merchandises. Basically, Polyflor merely sells to shocking contractors. Polyflor is non allowed to put in their flooring. So other shocking companies who do besides sell flooring and put in i t. Purchase from Polyflor. Some of the chief flooring contractors that are regular clients are Peter Bates, Turner Piercing, Kevin Bates, Albert Carpets and many others.Question 2Looking at assorted administrations we need to understand them more. We can make this by carry oning a SWOT analysis. Basically a SWOT analysis is structuring of information, which is collected from the innate and external environment. It gives us a theoretical account in order to get down the selling planning procedure. Shows us the strengths, failings, chances and menaces of the administration.Cloete ( 2010,21 )So the SWOT analysis of Polyflor isStrengthsThey are a recognized administration, good known in the flooring trade.They are known for holding the best quality merchandises.They are an international administration, so they are recognised all over the universe.Polyflor has one of the best proficient backgrounds in the flooring trade.They are a household concern so the squad of employees work truly e xpeditiously and good together.Keeping up in the new manner tendencies of today with their new designs on the flooring.They are a really environmentally friendly company.FailingsFinding reps that know about shocking who will be able to sell their merchandises.Finding employees who are able to work with the merchandises and know about flooring.Not holding plenty South African manufactured merchandises.Geting bulk merchandises from abroad states, people need to acquire the merchandises and start assorted occupations utilizing Polyflor s merchandises but they cant because Polyflor has non reliable the merchandises due to detain being imported from abroad.OpportunitiesThe manner tendencies are altering all the clip, so Polyflor can hold new manner tendencies in the designs of their flooring.Most people and companies are going Green , so they indigence to utilize more environmentally friendly merchandises. So Polyflor can sell environmentally friendly merchandises and chip in new G reen merchandises.Besides they could sell more locally produced goods, .Polyflor could non merely merely sell to shocking contractors for industrial usage, but besides opening up a new market for people to utilize it in a private capacity.MenacesOf class their chief menace is competition there are other shocking companies besides Polyflor. So they have to invariably maintain happening ways to remain on top and maintaining competitory advantage.Another menace would be that most merchandises come from other international states, which sometimes the merchandises are nt delivered in clip. So clients could travel looking other topographic points.Besides coming from abroad, the monetary value of the merchandises could alter easy, due to currency, revenue enhancements, import and export responsibilities.All of these facets can hold deductions on the selling scheme of the administration. Therefore it is of import to make this analysis.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

English Is the Only Foreign Language Worth Learning

English is the only irrelevant language worth education I likely diasgree with this statement. Every language is worth learning because it is how we go along with each early(a). English is one- ordinal most talk language in the domain, after Chinese and Spanish. I think English is leash language on this planet because Chinese and Spanish argon spoken only in a couple of(prenominal) countries. There be approximately 370 million native English speakers each(prenominal) around the world. On fade that, there are roughly the same amout who use English as second or third language.And lets not forget about technologies. Nowadays, its saturated to find a device without built-in English interface. Is is also considered as the language of international business. In my honest opinion, Id recommend to learn as many languages as executable. It doesnt press if its French, Dutch, Spanish, Mandarin, Korean or any other language. It breaks the language barrier between people. Few eld ago, some teacher of exploit told me that I defend to learn as many languages as possible because it is my treasure. The treasure that bungholenot be taken away from me.Since then I usually visualize language as a key that unlocks the world to me. Knowing other languages greatly increases the number of people on the bollock with whom you discount communicate. You can piss friends, pen pals and spouses from all over the world. In addition, people with multilingual skills formulation more attractive to employers. Chances are that slaming languages will open up employment opportunities that you would not have had otherwise. With greater language skills you can easily raise the amount of your salary.There are other advantages of learning languages. If you know foreign language it gives you the chance to step outside your comfort zone and have a deeper judgement of foreign cultures through books, songs and other aspects of culture. Any language is wonderful way to expand your horizon. In conclusion, we are only in the commencement of the journey through our life. Lets not waste our clock time and learn languages so we can interact with as many people as possible. Any raw language is a new-made opportunity for you.English Is the Only Foreign Language Worth LearningEnglish is the only foreign language worth learning I likely diasgree with this statement. Every language is worth learning because it is how we communicate with each other. English is third most spoken language in the world, after Chinese and Spanish. I think English is leading language on this planet because Chinese and Spanish are spoken only in few countries. There are approximately 370 million native English speakers all around the world. On top that, there are roughly the same amout who use English as second or third language.And lets not forget about technologies. Nowadays, its hard to find a device without built-in English interface. Is is also considered as the language of internati onal business. In my honest opinion, Id recommend to learn as many languages as possible. It doesnt matter if its French, Dutch, Spanish, Mandarin, Korean or any other language. It breaks the language barrier between people. Few years ago, some teacher of mine told me that I have to learn as many languages as possible because it is my treasure. The treasure that cannot be taken away from me.Since then I usually visualize language as a key that unlocks the world to me. Knowing other languages greatly increases the number of people on the globe with whom you can communicate. You can have friends, pen pals and spouses from all over the world. In addition, people with multilingual skills look more attractive to employers. Chances are that knowing languages will open up employment opportunities that you would not have had otherwise. With greater language skills you can easily raise the amount of your salary.There are other advantages of learning languages. If you know foreign language it gives you the opportunity to step outside your comfort zone and have a deeper understanding of foreign cultures through books, songs and other aspects of culture. Any language is wonderful way to expand your horizon. In conclusion, we are only in the beginning of the journey through our life. Lets not waste our time and learn languages so we can interact with as many people as possible. Any new language is a new opportunity for you.

Friday, May 17, 2019

James Joyce Background Information

mob Joyce Essay number one Two Pages James Joyce, author of Araby, Eveline, and Ulysses, attempts to correct the way of life in his home town of Dublin, Ireland, through and through his deeds. He does this through the theme of coming of age and recurring religious allusions in Araby. Additionally, Joyce talks nigh family in Eveline through the themes of escape and betrayal. In Ulysses, he uses stream of consciousness to depict the importance of a father by rewriting Homers The Odyssey.James Joyce addresses many Irish problems of his time through his works such as, religious issues in Araby and Eveline and social problems in Ulysses. James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was born on February 2, 1882, in Dublin, Ireland (James Joyce 1). His inspiration for writing came from his experiences in this town. For example, James Joyces father was a highly regarded tenor vocaliser in Ireland but being a singer, no steady income existed for his family (1).Adding to this lack of stability, his fa ther was also an alcoholic, so his family never had much money to live on during Joyces childhood (1). This situation with his father most likely gave James the inspiration to write about paternity in his novel Ulysses. James Joyce, however, non only wrote about his own family, he also wrote about the entire society in Dublin. When Joyce travelled to genus Paris, France, in 1902, he discovered a liberated city completely opposite that of his native city (The Life and Work 1). For this reason, Joyce wrote all of his pieces of literature about Dublin.He wrote about Irish politics, which his parents introduced him to and he wrote about what he thought life should be like in Dublin based on how it is in Paris (1). James Joyce additionally wrote about his wife. His wife, Nora Barnacle, provided Joyce with a person for him to develop his groundbreaking female characters, such as Molly Bloom in Ulysses. For Molly Bloom, Joyce actually asked his wife to cheat on him so that he would be in the same situation as the characters in Ulysses (Ellman 58). From his life in Dublin, James Joyce receive ample inspiration from the social unrest of his hometown.

Thursday, May 16, 2019

Mentoring: A Way of Life -an integrative paper of the course ‘Art of Mentoring’ Essay

In this course, Art of Mentoring, I learned the relevance of mentoring in education, counseling ministry and independent learning of graduate students. The objective of the course was to encourage us students to use mentoring in different palm of avocation and in service to the religious community. Having finished the course, I am inspired to use the purposes of mentoring in my ain education and be more effective in my profession, other involvements, as well use these concepts in my personalized life.I realized that mentoring is a very broad term in a sense that it encompasses profession and organizational duties because it involves sharing of lives and experiences so as to develop unmatcheds holistic identity. The term is for the most p artistic creation employ to refer to the relationship between a mentor, who has the mastery, experience wisdom passion for a profession and a mentee, who has equal passion to learn from the mentors k this instantledge and experiences (http/ /www.management inspection and repair.org/guiding/mentrng/mentrng.htm). Our history tells us that the concept and order of mentoring has been long practiced even before the word came about.When men taught basic skills alike(p) hunting and farming, they did it through the use of modeling or mentoring (Cagle, 2004). Now in the 21st century at that place is an increasing need of mentoring in different fields of profession. And I have come to the conclusion that mentoring is one of the most effective means of influencing and training psyches to be energetic and efficient leading, rich in their personal professions in a developing community. The Bible itself shows mentoring as a way of training separates for leadership, as what is happening in the Church today (Cagle, 2004). . I learned that mentoring is in any case very substantial in the academe, oddly in graduate schools. To develop professional excellence, each student should have professors or advisers who have a strong in terest in their growth not just as professionals, but as dynamic individuals, and contain them to that path. Self-directed adult learning on the other hand, although it is more informal and not inevitably academic, can also be more effective when used with mentoring. As Christians, we are also called to beguile the society with adoring leadership. Christian leaders in the community can use mentoring to train and guide their subordinates in promoting righteous and godly leadership. I believe that people in the society are face for individuals who can mentor and motivate them to be better and excellent individuals. Now I understand that I have an important role in the development of my own sphere of influence, where I can avail my colleagues to be godly citizens by mentoring them through the use of the Bible and living a godly lifestyle. I then realized that this is one way of personal leadership, that through a deep understanding of godly values and good lifestyle, I can mentor other individuals to be good citizens and future leaders in our community. Now with the use of mentoring, church growth, especially in rural areas, can accelerate quick (Cagle, 2004). Training and mentoring effective church leaders will result to a growth in their individual churches. As Jesus Christ taught his disciples by mentoring, so they followed his examples and this paved the way for rapid church growth. Mentoring, which also has the characteristic of using motivation and the boosting of self-esteem, can be used in having an effective counseling ministry, where ministers could help and guide a person to his full potential. After learning about mentoring and having my personal insights on the method of effective influence, I now believe I can influence my peers better through the art of mentoring. I believe mentoring can occur in two ways. One way could start with an individual who needs another individual capable of guiding and mentoring him to his fullest potential. then( prenominal) having found the suitable person, the mentor now decides to accept the responsibility of guiding and the mentee.And from there the relationship would develop into a fruitful, control growth of the individual. On the other hand, mentoring can start with an older person, who sees the potential in an individual, to develop and with whom he can run his skills and sleep withledge in a specific field of profession or life in general. Then now it is up to the chosen individual to accept the mentors offer to be guided and influenced for his personal excellent growth as an individual. And when finally accepted, the mentoring process now begins. Although mentoring can be used in large scale institutions like universities and the Church, I believe it is also a way of influencing our peers and colleagues with our personal lifestyles. Like what I said earlier, I believe that mentoring is also a form of leadership. Now, having learned the concept and art of mentoring, I am now conf ident to influence the young people I know to be good citizens as well as future leaders in the community.ReferenceCagle, J. (2004). ledger of Asian Missions. Pp. 235-244 (March, 2004)http//www.managementhelp.org/guiding/mentrng/mentrng.htm